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List of publications on a keyword: «thinking»

  • ПСИХОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ ПОРТРЕТ СТУДЕНТОВ НОВОГО ПОКОЛЕНИЯ, ОБУЧАЮЩИХСЯ НА ПЕРВОМ КУРСЕ МЕДИЦИНСКОГО ВУЗА

    Proceeding
    Education, innovation, research as a resource for community development
    Authors:
    Natal'ia V. Isakova, Svetlana I. Filippchenkova, Elena A. Kharitonova, Natalia V. Pavlova
    Work direction:
    Развитие психолого-педагогического сопровождения в современном образовании
    Abstract:
    The article analyzes the personal and psychological characteristics of first-year medical university students. A psychological portrait of the student has been compiled. Recommendations on the organization of educational work at the medical university with first-year students have been developed.
    Keywords:
    clinical thinking, facilitator, modernization of higher medical education

  • Designing tasks for the formation of engineering thinking among mid-level specialists in ship navigation management in the conditions of postgraduate education

    Proceeding
    Pedagogy, Psychology, Society: from theory to practice
    Authors:
    Valerii R. Sagiian, Tatiana K. Smykovskaia
    Work direction:
    Теория и методика профессионального образования
    Abstract:
    The article raises the problem of developing sets of tasks for the formation of engineering thinking and systematization of mathematical knowledge among mid-level specialists in ship navigation management without interrupting their professional activities. The procedures for constructing different types of tasks included in sets of tasks on educational topics of advanced training are given, as well as examples of fragments of sets of tasks on individual educational topics.
    Keywords:
    teaching methods, mathematics, engineering thinking, set of problems, educational topic, ship navigator, postgraduation period, design procedure, types of tasks
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  • GAMIFICATION IN EDUCATION

    Proceeding
    Sormovo Readings- 2025: scientific and educational space, realities and prospects for improving the quality of education
    Author:
    Ol'ga S. Grigorenko
    Work direction:
    Инновации в образовании: интеграция новых знаний и технологий в учебные программы
    Abstract:
    Gamification in education is the integration of game elements and principles into the educational process. This approach uses different techniques such as scores, levels, points, achievements, and competitions to create a more interactive learning environment. However, the introduction of gamification is also associated with a number of disadvantages, which include the risk of reduced academic activity, difficulty in assessing knowledge, and the need to take into account students' individual preferences. In general, gamification is a promising area that can significantly enrich the learning process if it is used taking into account its advantages and disadvantages.
    Keywords:
    motivation, education, learning, gamification, learning process, critical thinking, collaboration, game elements, engagement, knowledge assessment
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  • Art Coaching as an Integrative Method for Activating Creative Thinking: Theory, Methodology, and Practical Application

    Proceeding
    Coaching and mentoring: theory and practice
    Author:
    Talina M. Vengrzhnovskaia
    Work direction:
    Psychological security in the digital environment of an educational institution
    Abstract:
    This article presents an author's method of art coaching, developed and tested since 2015. It explores the theoretical foundations and practical application of the method, which combines the structured approach of classical coaching with creative techniques of art therapy. The structure of an art coaching session, the specifics of applying the method in various areas (individual counseling, family relationships, business environment), as well as its effectiveness in solving strategic and creative tasks are examined. Special attention is paid to the scientific justification for using creative thinking to activate subconscious resources and find non-standard solutions.
    Keywords:
    creativity, strategic development, creative thinking, art therapy, TRIZ, coaching, art coaching, creative mindset, subconscious, projective techniques, business consulting, business diagnostics

  • THE INFLUENCE OF PERSONAL QUALITIES OF A LEADER ON MAKING EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT DECISIONS

    Proceeding
    Strategies of Sustainable Development: Social, Law and External-economic Aspects
    Author:
    Olga M. Ermolaeva
    Work direction:
    Вопросы социально-экономической эффективности предприятий
    Abstract:
    The article is a theoretical review of the influence of personal qualities on management decisions and can serve as a basis for further empirical research in this area. The paper analyzes the key personal characteristics that affect the quality and effectiveness of management decisions, and also examines the mechanisms of interaction between personal qualities and the effectiveness of management activities.
    Keywords:
    motivation, creativity, efficiency, communication, responsibility, Personal qualities, leadership, manager, managerial decision, strategic thinking
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  • Development of didactic materials using digital technologies: experience and results of implementation in medical education

    Book Chapter
    Pedagogy and Psychology as Sciences for the Formation of the Potential of Modern Society
    Authors:
    Elena V. Plashchevaia, Elena A. Utochkina
    Work direction:
    Глава 4
    Abstract:
    The chapter deals with the problem of developing didactic materials using digital technologies in the context of medical education. The key aspects of using digital tools to create training resources aimed at improving the quality of training specialists in the field of medicine are analyzed. Special attention is paid to the experience of introducing digital didactic materials into the educational process of natural science disciplines. Examples and a brief description of didactic materials developed using digital technologies are considered. The advantages of using digital technologies are discussed, which consist in the adaptation of teachers and students to modern educational technologies, the effectiveness of the organization of the educational process, the individualization of learning and the formation of practical skills among students. The issues of methodological support for teachers necessary for the effective use of digital didactic materials are discussed, and the impact of digitalization on traditional forms of education is discussed. The results of research demonstrating the effectiveness of the introduction of digital technologies in medical education are presented. The positive influence of digital tools on the formation of clinical thinking and research skills among medical students was noted.
    Keywords:
    research skills, digital technologies, medical education, natural sciences, didactic materials, clinical thinking
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  • Razvitie logicheskogo i sistemnogo myshleniia kak osnova formirovaniia osoznannogo patriotizma u podrastaiushchego pokoleniia

    Proceeding
    Pedagogy, Psychology, Society: from theory to practice
    Author:
    Nataliia V. Pechnina
    Work direction:
    Социальные процессы и образование
    Abstract:
    The article discusses the need to educate young people about conscious patriotism by developing critical thinking
    Keywords:
    youth, patriotism, critical thinking, logic
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  • The relationship between self-esteem and the development of logical thinking in older preschoolers and younger schoolchildren

    Proceeding
    Modern educational process: psychological and pedagogical support, educational strategies
    Authors:
    Dar'ia A. Shchiogoleva, Oksana S. Nasyrakhunova, Vera S. Nedelskaia
    Work direction:
    Воспитание обучающихся в образовательных учреждениях в современных психолого-педагогических условиях
    Abstract:
    This article presents the results of a study of the relationship between the level of self-esteem and the level of development of logical thinking in children of senior preschool and primary school age. It was found that in children of senior preschool age, the level of logical thinking is higher with inflated and inadequately inflated self-esteem, but primary school children demonstrate a high level of logical thinking with an adequately formed self-esteem. The results of the study indicate the presence of a significant correlation between self-esteem and logical thinking. These studies indicate that the completion of the formation of self-esteem during the transition from senior preschool age, the period of formation of logical operations, to primary school age, which is the foundation for the formation of adequate self-esteem, contributes to the harmonious development and timely formation of logical thinking.
    Keywords:
    self-esteem, older preschoolers, younger schoolchildren, logical thinking
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  • The role of critical thinking in the development of information security culture of technical university students

    Proceeding
    Psychologically Safe Educational Environment: Design Problems and Development Prospects
    Authors:
    Svetlana A. Solovyova, Natalia I. Evsiukova, Mikhail A. Kulebyaev
    Work direction:
    Well-Being and Security of a Person in Contemporary Educational Environment
    Abstract:
    The article presents the results of a study aimed at identifying the relationship between the level of development of critical thinking and the level of formation of an information security culture. The study was conducted among 250 students of the Volga branch of MADI using specialized questionnaires and tests. The data obtained can contribute to the development of more effective strategies to counter modern cyber threats, emphasizing the importance of critical thinking in strengthening the culture of information security.
    Keywords:
    digital technologies, information security culture, critical thinking, cyber threats, technical component, cognitive component, behavioral component, value-semantic component
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  • Inclusive design in the perspective of socio-economic development of Russian regions

    Book Chapter
    Principles of building a new ecosystem: Economic, legal and social aspects
    Author:
    Nataliia E. Sudakova
    Work direction:
    Глава 2
    Abstract:
    Modern problems of socio-economic development of Russian regions are caused by various factors of inequality, which not only does not decrease, but acquires a new content and scale in the heyday of technology. In this context, the problems of social independence of people with health deficits become even more significant, exacerbating territorial and other forms of regional inequality, which requires special mechanisms to overcome them. Inclusive design as a new resource for overcoming regional inequality is just beginning its institutional movement, but it is already obvious today that the number of initiatives developing rapidly reflects the need to explore the prospects and risks of their scaling.
    Keywords:
    inclusion, inclusive design, inclusive initiatives, inclusive thinking, social inequality, regional inequality, socio-economic development of Russian regions, people with health deficits
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  • Formation of visual thinking among design students in the discipline "Painting"

    Book Chapter
    Issues of modern design education
    Authors:
    Nataliia I. Barsukova, Svetlana V. Deineka
    Work direction:
    Глава 8
    Abstract:
    Using the VTS method, students are supposed to develop their own thinking and the ability to learn to think critically. Visual thinking allows you to better assimilate material, structure your train of thought and work on improving the quality of speech. While maintaining traditional methods of teaching painting, it is recommended to use the VTS method for better assimilation of the material and education of a comprehensively developed personality.
    Keywords:
    art, pedagogy, critical thinking, fine art, design education, visual thinking strategy, VTS method
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  • Features of using neural network platforms for teaching foreign languages in a non-linguistic university

    Book Chapter
    Theoretical and practical aspects of pedagogy and psychology
    Author:
    Elena G. Liakhova
    Work direction:
    Глава 8
    Abstract:
    This study was conducted to find out the advantages and disadvantages of teaching a foreign language at a non-linguistic university using neural network platforms and to compare such training with traditional teaching of foreign languages. During the research, an analysis of the features of neural networks and learning platforms based on them was carried out. The author of the article conducted experimental training in order to compare the success of mastering lexical and grammatical foreign language material when learning on the Duolingo neural network platform with traditional foreign language teaching. As a result of the study, the author discovered that when learning on neural network platforms, students experience difficulties at the stages of forming and maintaining motivation, presenting new foreign language material, comprehending and rethinking. These difficulties are associated with the risk of cognitive devaluation of students’ memory, the Google effect, the inability of neural networks to structure information, clip thinking, and the lack of comparison of new foreign language phenomena with their analogues in the students’ native language and native culture. At the same time, in the process of experimental training, the author found that vocabulary acquisition occurs more effectively when learning on neural network platforms. In addition, according to the results of the survey, students like to study a foreign language on neural network platforms due to the abundance of game components of such learning. In conclusion, the article provides ways to mitigate and level out the identified shortcomings of learning on neural network platforms, the main of which is the organization of blended learning, in which the teacher forms and maintains student motivation, presents new foreign language material, activates students’ conceptual critical thinking with the help of appropriate exercises, and students perform lexical and grammatical exercises on the neural network platform.
    Keywords:
    artificial intelligence, clip thinking, teaching a foreign language at a non-linguistic university, neural network learning platforms, cognitive devaluation of students' memory, conceptual thinking
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  • Fake News and Information Warfare in the Age of Globalization: ideological Manipulation and Social Consequences

    Proceeding
    Socio-Economic Processes of Modern Society
    Author:
    Libing Liu
    Work direction:
    Современные тенденции развития мирового сообщества
    Abstract:
    This article examines the multifaceted issues surrounding the spread of fake news and information warfare in the digital age. Drawing on empirical evidence and theoretical frameworks, it reveals the mechanisms underlying the spread of misinformation, including algorithmic amplification and echo chambers. The implications for society are discussed in detail, including the impact on media credibility, social cohesion, and critical thinking skills.
    Keywords:
    critical thinking, fake news, information warfare, algorithmic amplification, echo chambers, media trust
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  • “Thinking and Dancing”: Linguistic Plastic Code at the Heart of the Formation of the Theory of the Subject of Choreography

    Book Chapter
    Pedagogy and Psychology of Modern Education
    Author:
    Nadezhda A. Dogorova
    Work direction:
    Глава 11
    Abstract:
    The historical and practical experience of choreography has a phasing and hierarchy of the levels of mental activity, which can be traced in the history of dance culture through plastic codes. The phenomenon of choreographic art in the classical ages lies in the fact that within the late XVI–XIX centuries in Europe (Italy, France, Denmark) complex cultural processes and intersections of a biosemiotic nature took place simultaneously: on the one hand, this is the formation of a ‘new’ human worldview, and on the other, the formation of a ‘new’ model of scientific and an artistic picture of the world. Where the boundaries of the art of dance (the emergence of new genres, language and style) and cultural and historical time in different countries do not always coincide. In all this, the dominant side should also exist: finding of means (a rule, a method, a norm) and forms (creative thought, will, creative impulses, creative spirit) in the transformation of the foundations of the world order.
    Keywords:
    language, method, ability, subject, choreography, pedagogy, movement, theory, body language, sign, sign system, physicality, plasticity, dance, ‘dance as a system’, plastic thinking, linguistic plastic code, ‘thinking and dancing’, spatial understanding, classical ages, creative paradigm, scientific-practical paradigm, physical reality of art
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  • Formation of Critical Thinking among University Students (using the Example of Teaching a Foreign Language)

    Research Article
    Development of education Volume 7 No 1
    Authors:
    Nailya F. Plotnikova, Timur R. Usmanov, Landysh A. Gizyatova
    Work direction:
    Pedagogy and Modern Education
    Abstract:
    The relevance of this study lies in the fact that modern society is putting forward more and more requirements for graduates of higher educational institutions, to have a certain set of professional competencies, critical thinking and teamwork. The purpose of this study is to consider the concept of critical thinking, to identify the stages and levels of formation of critical thinking among students of higher educational institutions. To achieve these goals, the following research methods were used: theoretical analysis and generalization of scientific and methodological literature of Russian and foreign scientists on the topic under study. The purposeful introduction of critical thinking elements into the process of teaching students a foreign language contributes to the formation of their critical thinking skills. The authors of the study cite individual fragments of the developed foreign language training sessions aimed at developing critical thinking skills. The conclusions of the study emphasize the main role of teachers, who help students interpret, analyze, evaluate and implement the acquired knowledge in practice. Teaching students a foreign language in line with critical thinking requires university teachers to master language competencies, purposeful, systematic preparation for conducting training sessions aimed at completing tasks related to the formation of students’ critical thinking skills.
    Keywords:
    formation, foreign language, Training, students, skills, critical thinking
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  • Primenenie tekhnologii kriticheskogo myshleniia pri formirovanii chitatel'skoi gramotnosti u shkol'nikov na urokakh literatury

    Book Chapter
    Modern educational technologies: psychology and pedagogy
    Author:
    Elena G. Belova
    Work direction:
    Глава 15
    Abstract:
    The chapter examines the importance of critical thinking in the modern world and its development among schoolchildren, especially in the context of reading literacy in literature lessons. The author presents the technology of critical thinking as an effective method for analyzing, evaluating and synthesizing information, and provides examples of its use in teaching literature. In today's world, where information surrounds us from all sides, the ability to think critically is becoming a key skill for a successful life and professional activity. It is especially important to develop this skill among schoolchildren, since their ability to learn and adapt in an ever-changing world depends on it. The chapter discusses the application of the Cinquain method in the educational process, its usefulness for the development of creative thinking, critical analysis and communication skills. The advantages of using this method in literature lessons are considered and examples of its implementation in the educational process are offered. The author also presents the practical experience of a teacher in literature lessons at the middle level: a lesson summary, examples of cinquaines compiled by students in the classroom.
    Keywords:
    language competence, modern technologies, speech development, critical thinking technology, reader literacy, cinquain, effective innovative method, a versatile tool for reflection
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  • Rol' gumanitarizatsii v razvitii inzhenernogo obrazovaniia

    Proceeding
    Engineering education in the conditions of digitalization of society and economy
    Author:
    Olga O. Sapenok
    Work direction:
    Гуманитаризация инженерного образования: традиции и инновации
    Abstract:
    The article analyzes the ideals and values of humanitarian education aimed at the formation of the human ideal and maintaining it as an ideal model of humanity, its historical forms are revealed. Crisis phenomena in global educational processes have become the basis for the need to reform the education system. The author believes that the creation of a new educational system that meets the needs of modern society in line with the humanitarization of education presupposes a harmonious combination of education, upbringing and teaching, natural science and humanitarian structures. In this regard, the importance of humanitarization of engineering education is obvious, since it serves as the basis for the holistic personal development of an engineer specialist as a «person of culture».
    Keywords:
    dialogue, creative thinking, humanitarization of education, ideals and values of humanitarian education
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  • The main approaches to the design of tasks for the development of critical thinking in schoolchildren in preparation for the computer USE in computer science.

    Proceeding
    Engineering education in the conditions of digitalization of society and economy
    Author:
    Lidiia V. Druzhinina
    Work direction:
    Методологические основы формирования инженерной компетентности у школьников и студентов
    Abstract:
    He requirements for the quality of education and the assimilation of material by schoolchildren are increasing every year, and the computer format of the unified state exam entails the possession of students, not only the subject area, but also the tools of the IT industry. The article substantiates the influence of the levels of development of critical thinking of students on the quality of preparation and the effectiveness of passing the Unified State Exam. Indicators, levels and tasks for the development of critical thinking are highlighted.
    Keywords:
    indicators, brainstorming, critical thinking, computer science, unified state exam, levels, cluster
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  • Formation of Social Competence in the Process of Learning at the University

    Proceeding
    Social-Psychological Issues of a Contemporary Family: psychological and pedagogical support and mentoring
    Authors:
    Albina M. Baichorova, Ruslan M. Botashev, Aslan M. Botashev
    Work direction:
    Психолого-педагогические факторы развития личности
    Abstract:
    This article analyzes the essence of social competence and the features of its formation in the process of obtaining a university education. Conditions are put forward that promote the development of the components of social competence. It is proposed to consider the possibility of organizing problem-based and socio-psychological education.
    Keywords:
    emotional intelligence, social competence, social cooperation, social communication, rational thinking
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  • Opyt ispol'zovaniia elektronnogo onlain-kursa "K-EGE po informatike i IKT" pri formatirovanii kriticheskogo myshleniia u uchashchikhsia inzhenernykh klassov

    Proceeding
    Pedagogy, Psychology, Society
    Authors:
    Lidiia V. Druzhinina, Tatiana K. Smykovskaia
    Work direction:
    Теория и методика обучения и воспитания
    Abstract:
    The article presents the experience of using an electronic online course "Exam in Computer Science and ICT" in preparing students for the Unified State Exam in computer science. This course was implemented during the implementation of the "Engineering Class" program at the Volgograd State Technical University. The influence of the level of development of students' critical thinking on the quality of preparation and the effectiveness of passing the Unified State Exam is substantiated. A model of task material for an electronic online course, including tasks for the development of critical thinking, is presented.
    Keywords:
    educational tasks, critical thinking, engineering class, mental maps, online electronic course, school preparation, computer science and ICT
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  • Development of professional abilities depending on age stages

    Book Chapter
    Theoretical and practical aspects of pedagogy and psychology
    Author:
    Tatiana N. Soboleva
    Work direction:
    Глава 15
    Abstract:
    The problem of the development of the abilities of the subject of activity is of actual importance, which is determined by the following paradox: despite the widespread use of the concept of abilities, the question of their essence and mechanisms of development remains open. A proven methodological approach is the systemogenesis of activity and abilities, developed by V.D. Shadrikov. Taking this theory as a basis, we assumed that Age stages can act as determinants that determine the development of the abilities of qualified professionals. Psychological analysis of the professional activity of a railway driver made it possible to identify a specific structure of professional abilities: general ability to coordinate body movements, the ability of sensorimotor reaction of the hand and eyes, the ability of stability and switching attention, the ability of technical thinking. Instrumental methods for diagnosing these abilities were used, but the examination procedure was carried out after the subjects' trip to a specialized, a simulator complex that simulates various modes of train control. Experimental studies have shown that the development of professional abilities of qualified specialists is consistent with the pattern of uneven development of mental functions. It has been established that the earlier the age stages of a professional, the faster the speed of reaction, processing of information at the level of abilities is implemented more successfully. It is proved that, depending on the age stages of the subject, various structures of professional abilities are formed under the influence of regulatory requirements of activity. The later the age stage of the professional, the more holistic, with a higher degree of integration the structure is formed professional abilities. The dynamics of the development of the structure of professional abilities is characterized by the fact that abilities acquire operational features, narrow technical specialization, an optimal and sufficient measure, which contributes to an increase in the integration of abilities depending on the age of the subject of activity. A high degree of integration of abilities, inherent in the late age stages of professional development, is manifested in the successful result of activity, the development of skill and creativity. It is proved that age stages are determinants that determine the development of the abilities of qualified professionals.
    Keywords:
    professional, abilities of the subject of activity, age stages, psychological analysis of activity, general abilities of coordination, abilities of sensorimotor reaction, abilities of attention stability, abilities of attention switching, abilities of technical thinking, development of abilities, result of professional activity
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  • Typology of cause-and-effect relationships to the methodology "Composing a story based on a series of plot pictures" for preschool children with general underdevelopment of speech

    Proceeding
    Pedagogy, Psychology, Society
    Author:
    Oksana M. Kovalenko
    Work direction:
    Коррекционная педагогика
    Abstract:
    The article describes the results of applying the theoretical research method - the method of analyzing scientific knowledge systems to study the possibilities of extending the previously developed typology of cause-and-effect relationships to the implementation of various options for the "Compilation of a story based on a series of plot pictures" methodology as part of speech therapy work with preschool children with general underdevelopment speech. Variants of this technique are described, their diagnostic and corrective significance is indicated. Further, in accordance with the previously formulated principles of cause-and-effect relationships, the distribution of didactic material is presented according to various options for conducting the methodology “Composing a story based on a series of plot pictures”. This material can be used to diagnose and correct verbal-logical thinking and coherent speech in preschool children with general speech underdevelopment.
    Keywords:
    coherent speech, preschool age, general speech underdevelopment (OND) of unknown origin, secondary mental retardation, verbal-logical thinking, causal relationships
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  • VARIABILITY OF DISORDERS IN STUDENTS WITH DYSGRAPHY: LINGUOCOGNITIVE ASPECT

    Proceeding
    Psychological and Pedagogical Support of General, Special and Inclusive Education of Children and Adults
    Author:
    Liudmila A. Tishina
    Work direction:
    The essence of psychological security of the individual
    Abstract:
    The variability of writing disorders among students of secondary schools is the most relevant. Specific approaches to correcting such violations in the structure of speech therapy work, with all the variety of methods and techniques of correction, are insufficiently focused on the individualization of those strategic components of development that determine the effectiveness of correctional work.
    Keywords:
    special educational needs, linguistic thinking, writing disorders, students with severe speech disorders, learning difficulties
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  • Specifics of mastering a foreign language (english) by students studying at the training department of “public and municipal administraion”

    Review Article
    Development of education Volume 6 No 1
    Author:
    Olga N. Selezneva
    Work direction:
    Pedagogy and Modern Education
    Abstract:
    The article deals with a vital problem of the specifics while mastering a foreign language (English) by the students studying at the training department of “Public and municipal administration”. The aim of this scientific article is to analyze the peculiarities of studying a foreign language by students of management specialties, which can allow one to explore English-language sources with a complex vocabulary and conceptual apparatus. The author of the article uses theoretical and empirical research methods. The research material is the content of professional training, while the means of education are authentic English texts of professional subjects, allowing students to master international terminological tools. The results of the research show the need to develop critical, analytical thinking among the students, in addition to mastering the general course of a foreign language (English). The scientific direction of ESAP is depicted in the article, which allows professional and language skills’ teaching in a specific disciplinary context. It can be concluded that the attention of the students studying a foreign language in the direction of preparation 'State and municipal management' should be focused on various types of analysis, such as logical, comparative, lexical and terminological, contextual ones, which, in turn, can require critical and analytical thinking development, selection of information, its processing, interpretation, as well as its adequate use.
    Keywords:
    language skills, critical thinking, text analysis, ESAP, foreign language (English), academic study skills
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  • Peculiarities of the Spot the Nonsense method performance in 5-year-old children with level III general delay in speech development. (report 1)

    Research Article
    Development of education Volume 6 No 1
    Author:
    Oksana M. Kovalenko
    Work direction:
    Psychology in Education
    Abstract:
    The introduction describes the features of thinking, perception and analyzing observation of children with ONR, which make it difficult to correctly analyze and evaluate visual information. The research methodology is the task «Nelepies» in the version presented by R.S. Nemov. The results of the study provide generalized quantitative results for individual absurdities. Qualitative analysis captures the correct answers and reveals the mechanisms of children's erroneous answers. Qualitative characteristics of the analysis carried out by normally developing children and children with OHP (III level) aged 5 years when considering this image are presented: options for explaining inconsistencies (whether everything is drawn correctly) and options for clarifying answers (how it should actually be). For each option for explaining and clarifying discrepancies, generalized quantitative data and a quantitative difference between the results of normally developing children and children with OHP (III level) are given. All variants of explanations and clarifications are illustrated by the children's answers and presented in accordance with the quantitative difference between the indicators of children with normal speech development and GR (III level). At the same time, variants with a quantitative predominance in the norm, variants with a quantitative predominance in OHP (level III) and variants that are noted only in OHP (level III) are indicated. In conclusion, a sequence of established options for explanations and clarifications is presented in terms of the degree of quantitative difference between the indicators of normally developing children and children with OHP (level III) from a larger difference to a smaller one.
    Keywords:
    Perception, general delay in speech development, 5-year-old children, visual thinking, analyzing observation, the method of “nonsense”
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