List of publications on a keyword: «EMI»
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Systematization of digitalization directions of higher education in Russia
ProceedingUniversity as a factor of Modernization of Russia: History and Prospects (to the 55th anniversary of the I.N. Ulyanov ChSU)- Author:
- Irina P. Iasnenko
- Work direction:
- Процессы цифровизации сферы образования
- Abstract:
- Scientific and technological progress and digitalization stimulate the dynamic development of Internet programs for the development of higher education in Russia. Digitalization has affected all aspects of the educational process, including: management, communications, a paradigm shift in education and a complete transformation of the traditional school of higher education. Digital methods of teaching in higher education are integrated into existing traditional training programs, there is a digital update of educational programs and disciplines. Mixed learning models are being created, distance education programs are being developed and implemented, a digital educational environment with system unified modules is being introduced, a digital approach to managing educational institutions has been established.
- Keywords:
- distance education, Digitalization of higher education, systemic transformation of education, systematization of approaches
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Transformation of approaches to capital structure management of Russian companies in the context of COVID-19 pandemic
ProceedingLaw, Economics and Management- Author:
- Galina A. Nekrasova
- Work direction:
- Менеджмент и маркетинг
- Abstract:
- The article analyzes the changes in the capital structure of Russian companies in recent years. It was revealed that during the coronavirus pandemic, the share of borrowed sources in the capital structure of Russian companies increased, mainly due to accounts payable. The changes were short-term - in 2021 there was an increase in the financial independence of companies, while at the same time restoring the level of return on assets.
- Keywords:
- management, capital structure, COVID-19 pandemic
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Особенности звукопроизношения у дошкольников
ProceedingPsychological and Pedagogical Support of General, Special and Inclusive Education of Children and Adults- Author:
- Anna A. Saenko
- Work direction:
- Security of educational activities during quarantine measures
- Abstract:
- This article will characterize the sound pronunciation in preschool children. Special attention will be paid to the peculiarities of the process of sound pronunciation in preschoolers. It is preschool age that is the period of laying the basic qualities that are necessary for the further development of the child.
- Keywords:
- speech, preschoolers, pronunciation, sounds, phonemics, phonemic processes
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Kak zashchitit' sotsial'nye prava samozaniatykh? Mnenie rossiian
Book ChapterStrategies of Sustainable Development: External-economic, Law and Social Aspects- Authors:
- Ildus F. Iarulin, Soloveva S. Nikolaevna
- Work direction:
- Глава 7
- Abstract:
- The article is devoted to the study of the consequences of the coronavirus pandemic, which had the greatest impact on the economic field, and, in particular, on the labor market. An analysis of the dynamics of the mode of operation in the pre-pandemic and pandemic periods is presented. The disadvantages of the remote format of work are indicated. The results of a survey of Russians on the further preferred mode of carrying out their labor duties are given. A comparative characteristic by age groups of choosing a place of labor activity is shown. It was revealed that the representatives of the «extreme» age categories – young people aged 18 to 24 years and people 60 years and older – were the most difficult to endure the pandemic and post-pandemic periods. The negative changes noted by the Russians themselves, including the loss of a job, and in connection with this a sharp drop in income levels, forced young people and people of retirement age to adapt to new labor market conditions through employment in the informal sector of the economy, in particular, by acquiring the status of self-employed, until recently illegal. However, despite the attempts of the state to give self-employment an official character, many citizens are in no hurry to register their activities, since the shortcomings in the «law on the self-employed» cause mistrust and, as a result, unwillingness to «come out of the shadows». One of these shortcomings, according to the authors, is the lack of a clear definition of the term «self-employed» enshrined in the legislative act, as well as the conditions for providing minimum social guarantees. As a result, even the self-employed do not have an accurate idea of this form of labor activity, not to mention ordinary Russians. The authors believe that the solution to the above problems can be various educational programs related to self-employment, both in the business environment and among ordinary citizens, fixing an exhaustive definition of the concept of «self-employed» at the legislative level, considering the conditions for providing self-employed citizens with social guarantees from the state. The conclusions made by the authors are based on the results of sociological surveys of Russians.
- Keywords:
- self-employment, informal employment, economic consequences of the pandemic, social rights of the self-employed
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On Increasing the Role of Rao and Regional Scientific Centers of Rao in Training Personnel for Regional Educational and Scientific Organizations
Book ChapterPrinciples of the New Ecosystem Formation: Multicultural Space- Author:
- Sergei L. Danilchenko
- Work direction:
- Глава 14
- Abstract:
- The modern stage of the development of the national education system and Russian science has actualized a number of important issues requiring systematic analysis and comprehensive solutions presented in the chapter of the monograph. The priorities in training personnel for educational and scientific organizations in the regions of the Russian Federation are a fundamental approach to the study of disciplines, practical orientation, education of respect for national history, the state language and traditions, the personality of the teacher and the student; awareness of the responsibility and importance of Russian education, consideration of advanced ideas and demands of society. The fundamental nature of personnel training has always been combined with high requirements for the mission of teaching staff – people of high scientific, methodological, moral and universal culture.
- Keywords:
- professional development system, career growth, teacher remuneration, reproduction of highly qualified personnel, dissertation councils, postgraduate programs, academic migration, jobs in universities, regional practices, qualified personnel, targeted training tools
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Domestic education in the period of "enlightened absolutism"
ProceedingTopical Issues of Archaeology, Ethnography and History- Author:
- Sergei L. Danilchenko
- Work direction:
- Исторические исследования
- Abstract:
- Domestic education in the period of "enlightened absolutism" made a significant step forward. By the time of Catherine II's accession to the tsarist throne, education expenses amounted to only 0.15% of the state budget. By 1794, 1.28% was already allocated for education in the country, and 9% was spent on the maintenance of the Empress's court. At the end of the XVIII century, there were about 550 different educational institutions in the Russian Empire, in which up to 62,000 students studied. Among them there were about 400 public schools, over 60 theological seminaries and about 60 class-closed educational institutions.
- Keywords:
- Domestic education, the period of "enlightened absolutism", education costs, the state budget, a network of educational institutions, Moscow University, public schools, theological seminaries, class-closed educational institutions
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International meeting "Community of teachers of the XXI century"
ProceedingSocio-Pedagogical Issues of Education and Upbringing- Author:
- Sergei L. Danilchenko
- Work direction:
- Социальные процессы и образование
- Abstract:
- The Commonwealth of Teachers of the XXI century is a scientific, educational and socio-pedagogical association of employees of general, professional and additional education, whose activities are aimed at discussing and researching complex problems in the field of the latest achievements of world and domestic science, topical issues of teaching methods of individual subjects and disciplines at school and university, the implementation of modern pedagogical ideas through the exchange of specific results of educational and educational practice. The Community of Teachers of the XXI century is a creative scientific and educational platform for everyone who works in the Russian education system.
- Keywords:
- Increasing the competitiveness of Russian and Sevastopol education, dissemination of scientific ideas, exchange of pedagogical experience, updating of professional competencies of teaching staff, creative activity of teachers, attracting public attention to modern problems of education, development of interregional and international cooperation
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Laboratory technique and methods of expressing the concentration of solutions
Book ChapterLaboratory Work Techniques and Methods of Expressing the Concentration of Solutions- Authors:
- Stanislav V. Rogatykh, Tatiana P. Golovina
- Work direction:
- Все направления
- Abstract:
- The manual is intended for laboratory studies and the organization of independent research work of students of biological and environmental directions of universities. Can be used by teachers and students of educational institutions. Recommended for publication by the educational and methodological council of the Vitus Bering Kamchatka State University for students studying in the direction of training 06.03.01 "Biology".
- Keywords:
- chemistry, inorganic chemistry, analytical chemistry, solutions, laboratory equipment
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Study of Activated Waters Indication Methods in the Course of Subject «Water Chemistry»
ProceedingPedagogy, psychology, society: from theory to practice- Author:
- Aleksei N. Birzul'
- Work direction:
- Теория и методика профессионального образования
- Abstract:
- The article discusses the current state of the issue about identifying changes in water as a result of various physical influences. The paper provides a classification of indication methods, analyzes their main advantages and disadvantages, discusses the most commonly used indicators, and assesses the prospects of their further usage for water quality control. The necessary information for lecturing and practical trainings on the water chemistry is given.
- Keywords:
- physical factors, activated waters, water quality, indication, water chemistry
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Formation of Professional Adaptation of Students, Future Teachers of Chemistry
Book ChapterIssues of pedagogy and psychology- Author:
- Svetlana S. Kosmodemianskaia
- Work direction:
- Chapter 4
- Abstract:
- The paper examines the conclusions on the use of variable methods and methodological techniques for the formation of professional adaptation of future chemistry teachers studying at one of the leading universities in the country, in the modern scientific and pedagogical worldview and in conjunction with the psychological, pedagogical and methodological aspects of the prospects for competence education. An attempt is proposed to outline the features of solving the problem of gradual immersion of students in professional activities, starting from the first days of study at a university, in the context of the conditions for the implementation of federal state educational standards of a new generation. The value of the use of various aspects of pedagogical technologies for students of higher education in the paradigm of the formation of professional competencies of the personality of a young specialist has been substantiated and determined. An assumption is formulated according to which the formation of professional adaptation of students, future teachers of chemistry, has characteristic features, taking into account the duality of their activities, since the educational situation at the level of didactic technologies is characterized by the presence of interactivity and integrability.
- Keywords:
- chemistry, practice, competence, adaptation, student, school, chemistry methodology
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O nekotorykh psikhosotsial'nykh voprosakh okazaniia meditsinskoi pomoshchi zhenshchinam s rakom molochnoi zhelezy v period pandemii COVID-19
Book ChapterIssues of pedagogy and psychology- Authors:
- Dmitrii V. Sudakov, Oleg V. Sudakov, Evgenii V. Belov, Danail K. Nazliev, Viktoriia V. Sviridova
- Work direction:
- Chapter 14
- Abstract:
- The chapter is devoted to the study of some psychosocial issues of medical care for women with breast cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic. This topic is very relevant due to two main factors: the universal prevalence of cancer (and a constant increase in the incidence), as well as the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic in the world. At the same time, the purpose of the study was to study the attitude to this problem not only of women – patients, but also of their attending physicians. The objects of the study were 150 people, divided into 3 groups of 50 people each. Group 1 included patients of different ages with the first diagnosis of breast cancer, the diagnosis of which coincided with the beginning of the third wave of new coronavirus infection. The second group included women who were diagnosed with breast cancer even before the start of the pandemic (until 01.01.2020) and who were currently undergoing treatment or were registered for the disease. The third group included doctors of various specialties who treat patients in groups 1 and 2. The research was based on a questionnaire specially developed by the authors. The main part of the study was to determine the age composition of women with cancer, which made it possible to draw preliminary conclusions about the incidence of breast cancer among patients of different ages. Then the attitude of women to their disease and to the COVID-19 pandemic during each of its «waves» was studied in detail. An interesting feature of the study was the study of some social aspects of the management of women with cancer, such as: official employment, the ability to «take» sick leave, the presence of a Voronezh or regional registration, etc. The final stage of the study was the identification of the main fears of the objects of study of all three groups. The data obtained in the work are of certain interest for all physicians involved in the treatment of women with cancer.
- Keywords:
- COVID-19, fear, psychosocial issue, psychosocial aspect, psychosocial status, breast cancer, unfavorable epidemiological situation
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Distance Learning during a Pandemic: Invaluable Experience or Missed Opportunities
Book ChapterPsychological and Pedagogical Issues of Modern Education- Author:
- Tat'iana M. Trifonova
- Work direction:
- Chapter 9
- Abstract:
- The paper discusses the results of distance learning for students of the Pacific National University Pedagogical Institute, Department of Biology, Ecology, Chemistry. The positive and negative sides of the «distance» are revealed. Specific examples show that distance learning in the preparation of future teachers of chemistry and biology can be just one of the issues of the disciplines «Theory and methodology of teaching biology» and «Theory and methodology of teaching chemistry» as an innovative technology of teaching methods. Distance learning should not completely replace the traditional one.
- Keywords:
- distance learning, teacher education, educational technologies, modern lesson, biology and chemistry teacher
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Legal Regulation of the Sphere of Prevention and Suppression of Ethnic and National Conflicts
ProceedingSocio-Economic Processes of Modern Society- Author:
- Vitaly N. Naydenko
- Work direction:
- Правовые проблемы развития российской государственности
- Abstract:
- Abstract: In the course of the study of the problems of legal regulation of the ethno-conflict sphere, the author of the article conducted a survey (using the methods of questionnaires and in-depth interviews) of 20 experts who are highly qualified specialists in the field of countering ethno-national conflicts, studied the results of mass sociological research, analyzed scientific works and media publications. As a result, the most effective legal measures for regulating the prevention and suppression of ethnic and national conflicts were identified, and the main directions for their improvement in the interests of strengthening the Russian statehood were identified.
- Keywords:
- ethno-national conflicts, legal regulation of the ethno-conflict sphere, extremist activity, terrorist activity
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Development of student academic mobility in the context of multilingual education
ProceedingPedagogy, Psychology, Society- Author:
- Albina I. Zamalieva
- Work direction:
- Общая педагогика, история педагогики и образования
- Abstract:
- The purpose of this work is to investigate the development of academic mobility. An important conclusion of this study is that it is necessary to study foreign languages for the development of student academic mobility. The results discussed in this article can be of practical value to university teachers; educational institutions involved in the development of academic mobility of students.
- Keywords:
- higher education, student academic mobility, multiligual education
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The development of conscious self-regulation of workers of coal industry enterprises as a condition for ensuring the safety of professional activities
ProceedingPedagogy, Psychology, Society- Authors:
- Irina S. Morozova, Evgeniia A. Medovikova, Daria N. Grinenko, Anastasiia E. Kargina
- Work direction:
- Общая психология, психология личности, история психологии
- Abstract:
- The actual problem of our time at the enterprises of the Kuzbass coal industry is the moment of ensuring the psychological security of the employee's personality. Psychological security is a fairly broad concept that includes many components and is exposed to various factors [2]. The aim of the study is to consider the importance of self-regulation of the individual as a condition for ensuring the safety of the subject of professional activity. The following methods and techniques were used in the study: The method "Style of self-regulation of behavior" by V. I. Morosanova; Test "Meaning-life orientations" by D. A. Leontiev; Questionnaire by H. Zachera and M. Freze "Professional time perspective of the future". The research is based on the development and testing of the technology of psychological and pedagogical influence in the form of reflexive seminars, which allows to increase the level of awareness of self-regulation of subjects of professional activity.
- Keywords:
- subject, self-regulation, psychological security of the individual, the situation of risk (uncertainty), semantic, value level of conscious self-regulation, reflexive seminars
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Psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on higher education students
ProceedingPedagogy, Psychology, Society- Authors:
- Aziza S. Nasretdinova, Aidar I. Nasretdinov, Elmira R. Khairullina
- Work direction:
- Общая психология, психология личности, история психологии
- Abstract:
- The 2019 COVID-19 pandemic poses a challenge to the psychological health of college students and learners. The purpose of this study is to conduct an analysis among college and university students in order to better understand the psychological effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, such as anxiety, depression, and stress.
- Keywords:
- stress, higher education institutions, pandemic, COVID-19, anxiety, depression, trauma disorder
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Pragmalinguistic characteristics of euphemia as a mean of implication in diplomatic discourse (based on the speeches by Gerhard Schröder)
ProceedingHistory of culture, study of art and philology: modern points of view- Authors:
- Daria A. Krivko, Irina V. Samarina, Elena I. Oberemchenko
- Work direction:
- Филология
- Abstract:
- The article discovers the phenomenon of euphemia through pragmalinguistic knowledge. The research focuses on the pragmatic grounds of euphemisms, which are the most important components in the encoding implicit information. The authors also provide an analysis of those pragmatic grounds that were actualized in the diplomatic speeches by Gerhard Schröder.
- Keywords:
- implicitness, indirect communication, implicit cognition, euphemia, political euphemism, pragmatic ground, diplomatic speech
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Gender Stereotypes in Ethnocultural Identity
ProceedingSocio-Cultural and Psychological Problems of the Modern Family: Current Issues of Assistance and Support- Author:
- Nataliia R. Krasovskaia
- Work direction:
- Семейные перспективы человека в изменяющемся мире
- Abstract:
- Gender stereotypes play an important role in ethnocultural identity. The article analyzes the concept of gender stereotypes, the features of such essential characteristics of gender stereotypes as "masculinity" and "femininity". The levels of gender stereotypes and their current distribution are revealed. Two concepts have emerged regarding the transformation of gender stereotypes in modern culture: radical-feminist and moderate-feminist. In the process of transforming gender stereotypes such essential features as the level of economic development of the country, its regional location, the preservation of traditional national cultures and the influence of religion on society are considered.
- Keywords:
- gender stereotypes, gender, masculinity, femininity, feminism, egalitarianism
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Experience of Remote Holding of a Meeting of a SSC in a Medical University During an Unfavorable Epidemiological Situation
Book ChapterQuestions of Education and Psychology- Authors:
- Dmitrii V. Sudakov, Artiom N. Shevtsov, Evgenii V. Belov, Oleg V. Sudakov, Elena V. Bogacheva, Olga I. Muratova
- Work direction:
- Глава 2. Дистанционное обучение и цифровизация высшего образования
- Abstract:
- This paper examines some aspects of the student scientific clubs (SSC) of the departments of a medical university during an unfavorable epidemiological situation caused by a new coronavirus infection. Variants of conducting SSC using various electronic educational environments and computer programs are considered. The many years of experience in holding meetings of the SSC at the Department of Operative Surgery with Topographic Anatomy (OS&TA) of VSMU named after N.N. Burdenko are summarized. The relevance of this work is due to the forced transition, due to the unfavorable epidemiological situation, to distance learning, many teachers and lecturers of higher education began to pay attention to various aspects of the educational process, including the issues of conducting classes, lecturing, solving emerging technical problems. However, so far little attention has been paid to the issues of holding student scientific circles of departments of various universities, including medical ones. The purpose of the work is an attempt to evaluate the holding of the first in the history of the Department of OS&TA, a remote meeting of the SSC on a number of parameters, among which the leading ones were general satisfaction with the meet-ing, its relevance, identification of positive and negative aspects. The objects of the study were 138 students of 2–6 courses of medical, 3–6 courses of pediatric and 2–4 courses of dental faculties. The stages of the research were: studying the distribution of respondents depending on the faculty and course, indicating their age; study of the total attendance at meetings of the SSC over the past 5 years, depending on the month; identifying the reasons for the high attendance of students to the first remote meeting in the history of the department; determination of the overall satisfaction of students with the meeting, as well as the main positive and negative aspects. It was found that the students were generally satisfied with the meeting. The desire to gain additional knowledge on the subject during the period of distance learning led to a high turnout of students, which, at the same time, «revealed» a number of negative aspects. The main one was the impossibility of simultaneous connection of more than 100 participants in the basic tariff of the «Zoom» program. In general, based on the data obtained, one can judge the success of the remote meeting of the SSC of the departments of a medical university. However, with a large number of participants, it is more expedient to use an alternative electronic environment or program, which could be, for example, the Webinar system.
- Keywords:
- student, ZOOM, SSC, student science club, epidemiological situation, VSMU named after N, Burdenko
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Historical approach as a basis for improving the effectiveness of studying nonmetal chemistry in primary schools
ProceedingEducation and Pedagogy- Authors:
- Liia M. Obutova, Kseniia E. Egorova
- Work direction:
- Образовательный процесс в организациях общего и дополнительного образования
- Abstract:
- The article considers the use of the historical approach as one of the ways to improve the effectiveness of studying chemistry in primary school. Historical materials for chemistry teachers are not only a source of new facts and illustrations, but also a powerful means of pedagogical influence, which contributes to the effective assimilation of educational material and increase the cognitive activity of students.
- Keywords:
- historical approach, the principle of historicism, chemistry of nonmetals
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Student Academic Dishonesty as s Threat for Educational Environment of the University
ProceedingPsychologically Safe Educational Environment: Design Problems and Development Prospects- Author:
- Aleksandr I. Miagkov
- Work direction:
- Modern socio-psychological aspects of risk in the educational environment
- Abstract:
- The article is devoted to the analysis of the problem of academic dishonesty among students. The concept of "academic dishonesty" is analyzed, and its operational interpretation is given. The main types and specific empirical manifestations of unfair educational practices of students are highlighted and described. Based on the materials of a special sociological study carried out among students of the Ivanovo State Power Engineering University, a statistical assessment of the scale of the spread of educational fraud among students is presented. Risks and threats to the university's education system associated with this phenomenon
- Keywords:
- sociological survey, academic dishonesty, university students, educational environment of the university, plagiarism, fabrication, academic cheating
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Risks of the Interaction Between the University Lecturer and Students in Condition of Pandemic
ProceedingPsychologically Safe Educational Environment: Design Problems and Development Prospects- Author:
- Emiliia M. Rangelova
- Work direction:
- Security of educational activities during quarantine measures
- Abstract:
- The article is devoted to a particularly important problem for higher education: the possible risks in the interaction between the university lecturer and the students in the conditions of the pandemic caused by COVID-19. Views of various university professors on the problem are presented. Special attention is paid to several possible risks in the interaction between university lecturer and students: disruption of normal human communication; the state of modern technology – the Internet and the computer; the readiness of the two subjects – the university lecturer and the students to communicate optimally in the Internet space, realizing the two main forms of education: online learning and distance learning; the identification of the two forms of organization of the interaction between the university lecturer and the student in the conditions of a pandemic – online learning and distance learning; the overcrowding of the university lecturer when using online learning or distance learning, which has a negative impact on his health.
- Keywords:
- online learning, students, risks, distance learning, interaction, pandemic, university lecturer
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Hygiene Culture as a Component of Life Safety Culture
ProceedingPsychologically Safe Educational Environment: Design Problems and Development Prospects- Author:
- Ekaterina A. Grevtsova
- Work direction:
- Security of educational activities during quarantine measures
- Abstract:
- The urgency of the problem is related to the COVID-19 pandemic. In the absence of specific prevention and treatment tools, hygiene culture becomes the only deterrent to the spread of the infection. National culture is considered as one of the components of the formation of the hygienic culture of the nation. The emphasis is placed on the state policy in the field of formation of a culture of life safety. The important role of the «life safety» discipline in the formation of a safe type of behavior is noted.
- Keywords:
- safety, pandemic, health, hygiene culture, life safety
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Monitoring of Stress in Students Under Quarantine Measures
ProceedingPsychologically Safe Educational Environment: Design Problems and Development Prospects- Authors:
- Svetlana S. Filippova, Tatyana I. Kulikova, Kseniya S. Shalaginova
- Work direction:
- Security of educational activities during quarantine measures
- Abstract:
- The article presents an analysis of the results of a diagnostic study of students of a pedagogical university under conditions of quarantine measures. The aim of the study was to assess the psychological state of students in the conditions of forced distance learning as well as to evaluate a complex epidemic situation as a stress factor. The study made it possible to describe the personality profiles of students, to characterize the manifestations of protective neurotic reactions as a specific adaptive mechanism, to reveal the level of students' resilience, to determine the level of students' stress in a pandemic. The data obtained make it possible to predict risks and potential difficulties of students' adaptation to academic situations characterized by a high degree of uncertainty, to predict stress resistance as a professional quality of future experts in education.
- Keywords:
- students, distance learning, stress, epidemic situation, quarantine measures
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Modern Moldovan Theatre: A Return to the Origins
Research ArticleEthnic Culture No 4 (5)- Author:
- Irina E. Katereva
- Work direction:
- History and Theory of Art Questions
- Abstract:
- The article examines one of the trends in the development of modern Moldavian theatre. Being complex and multifaceted phenomenon, it is generally influenced by the direction of society's development. At the present stage its development is based on the influence of two simultaneously existing and opposing directions. One is directed outwards, expanding the range of his contacts with theaters of other countries and reflecting the principle of transculturalism. Since the 90s of the previous century, the art of actors in the Moldovan theater, the specificity of their expressiveness appeals to the experience of world's theatrical art in all its integrity, where archaic and modernity, East and West, complementing each other, serve mutual development. Another vector of development, fundamental, is directed inward. It is connected with the deep processes that affected the dramatic art of Moldova. The theatre rushed to its inner support, to the origins, from the depths of which the national theatrical tradition grows and where myth, ritual, archetype reign inseparably. At the junction of archaic and modernity, the theatre is looking for an opportunity to reveal the spiritual space of the people, the world of ancestral archetypes, the authentic unconscious. Through the art of acting to express the enduring features of the soul, the «ethnic cosmos». Research methods: theoretical analysis, generalization of scientific researches, Internet materials, systematic analysis of theatrical practice. Author concludes that modern Moldovan theatre develops under the influence of two interrelated vectors of development, existing simultaneously and oppositely directed.
- Keywords:
- myth, archetype, ritual, moldovan theatre, remithologization, Dionysian origin